Aerodynamic characterisation of a flapping wing in turbulent free-stream conditions -- Supplementary material

This dataset contains videos from direct numerical simulations of a flapping wing with imposed heaving and pitching motion in a turbulent free stream. The simulations were performed using the in-house code TUCANGPU (arxiv.org/pdf/2406.19920) employing, in particular, an immersed boundary method together with a synthetic turbulence generator. The Reynolds number is set to 1000, based on the free-stream mean velocity $U$, wing chord $c$ and kinematic viscosity $\nu$.

Six cases are presented, with different combinations of the free-stream turbulence intensity $\mathit{TI}_0$ and integral length-scale $\Lambda_0$, as follows: TI0 --> unperturbed free stream (i.e., $\mathit{TI}_0=0$) ST_L0p6_TI0p1 --> turbulent free stream with $\Lambda_0/c=0.6$ and $\mathit{TI}_0=10\%$) ST_L0p6_TI0p3 --> turbulent free stream with $\Lambda_0/c=0.6$ and $\mathit{TI}_0=30\%$) ST_L0p6_TI0p5 --> turbulent free stream with $\Lambda_0/c=0.6$ and $\mathit{TI}_0=50\%$) ST_L0p2_TI0p3 --> turbulent free stream with $\Lambda_0/c=0.2$ and $\mathit{TI}_0=30\%$) ST_L1p0_TI0p3 --> turbulent free stream with $\Lambda_0/c=1$ and $\mathit{TI}_0=30\%$) Each video shows the evolution over five flapping cycles of the vortical structures (here detected using the $Q$-criterion) in the proximity of the wing.