Living dangerously in two worlds: the risks and tactics of North Korean Refugee children in China

Many of the wandering children become habitual border-crossers in order to feed their families and to save themselves from a forced return. They develop transnational strategies and tactics to come with the sharp contrasts in material conditions and cultural practices between the two countries.

The childhood under such marginal conditions leave them at serious risk, and many of them bear deep psychological scars as a result. However, by becoming independent at a young age, they function as active agents for social change with a critical awareness evolved from contrasting experiences in the two countries.