Snapshots of ice-free season dynamics in the near-shore water column of the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

Measurements were taken at 35 stations along the coast, using a Sea-Bird Electronics Conductivity–Temperature–Depth (CTD), equipped with two Seapoint sensors for turbidity and for fluorescence. The CTD provided direct measurements of temperature, salinity, turbidity, fluorescence, and photosynthetically active radiation; and derived additional parameters including practical and absolute salinity, density, specific volume anomaly, Brunt–Väisälä frequency (N²), Sigma-T, potential and conservative temperatures, Sigma-Theta, freezing temperature, and sound velocity.