Table 1_Class-matched antibiotic dispensing and susceptibility transitions in recurrent urinary gram-negative bacilli.docx

We evaluated the association between class-matched antibiotic exposure occurring between consecutive cultures and susceptible (S)-to-non-susceptible (NS) and non-susceptible-to-susceptible transitions.</p>Methods<p>In a single-center, retrospective, culture-based, pharmacy-linked paired-culture cohort at a 500-bed tertiary hospital in southern Saudi Arabia (Aseer Central Hospital [ACH]), consecutive same-patient, same-species urinary GNB cultures 14–365 days apart formed pairs, and interim exposure was defined as ACH-recorded antibiotic dispensing.

For each of the seven feasible phenotypes, adjusted transition models estimated S→NS odds and separate direct models estimated NS→S odds, with supporting analyses using inverse probability weighting, cross-class models, E-values, penalized-likelihood sensitivity analyses, and exploratory pragmatic null-covariable diagnostics.</p>Results<p>The primary cohort comprised 1,274 pairs from 1,078 patients, of whom 807 (74.9%) had at least one interim ACH-recorded systemic antibiotic dispensing.