Dataset on the distribution characteristics of microbial communities in natural and agricultural soils, and the ecological characteristics of ammonia-oxidising microorganisms in the Northeast China Black Soil Region

This dataset integrates information on microbial communities from natural and agricultural soils (including vertical profiles of typical farmland soils) in the Northeast China Black Soil Belt, as well as data from specialised studies on the ecological characteristics of ammonia-oxidising microorganisms (AOA, AOB, Comammox). Soil DNA was amplified using species-specific primers for bacteria, fungi, archaea, nematodes and protozoa, as well as four pairs of species-specific primers for the Comammox amoA gene.

Raw sequence data and bioinformatics analysis results were obtained via high-throughput amplicon sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). The study also encompasses soil physicochemical properties under different fertilisation treatments, nitrification potential driven by various types of ammonia-oxidising microorganisms, qPCR-based quantitative abundance analyses, taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses of active autotrophic ammonia-oxidising microorganisms under varying pH and NH₄⁺ concentrations, and results from DNA-SIP labelling experiments.