Record of <i>Glomalveolina ludwigi</i> (foraminifera) from the Palaeocene of central Neo-Tethys: taxonomic and evolutionary implications

Based on new specimens collected from the Padegi section (eastern Iran), we discussed that <i>G. ludwigi</i> should be considered as a distinct taxon within the <i>G. primaeva</i> group. This subspecies is characterised by a smaller proloculus size, reduced test size, and a distinct elongation index compared to <i>G. primaeva</i> and <i>G. levis</i>.

These traits suggest that <i>G. ludwigi</i> represents a primitive form within the <i>Glomalveolina</i> lineage. The reclassification of <i>G. ludwigi</i> provides critical insights into the early evolutionary stages of the genus and underscores the importance of biometric features in understanding foraminiferal evolution.</p>