Niclosamide alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting S100A4

The expression of S100A4, myeloperoxidase (MPO), F4/80, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in colon tissues was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining.Results Compared with the Ctrl group, the DSS+corn oil group exhibited significant increases in body weight loss, DAI score, colon shortening, and spleen index (p<0.05). Extensive tissue damage, reduced expression of MUC2 and Occludin, and substantial infiltration of MPO⁺ neutrophils and F4/80⁺ macrophages were observed in the colon tissues (p<0.05).

In addition, the expression of S100A4 and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β was significantly upregulated in the colon tissues (p<0.05). Compared with the DSS+corn oil group, the DSS+Nic group showed significant reductions in body weight loss, DAI score, colon shortening, and spleen index (p<0.05), along with ameliorated histopathological damage, increased expression of MUC2 and Occludin, decreased infiltration of MPO⁺ cells and F4/80⁺ cells (p<0.05), and downregulated expression of S100A4 and IL-1β in the colon tissues (p<0.05).Conclusion Niclosamide alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting S100A4.