← Search

Table · dataset · 2026

Modular Orthogonal Dual-Channel Gold Nanosensor Platform for Ratiometric Imaging of Tumor-Associated Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization

Listed in ZivaHub

The phenotypic balance between M1 and M2 tumor-associated macrophages (MΦs) governs tumor immune homeostasis and immunotherapeutic outcomes.

Description

However, in situ visualization of this polarization equilibrium remains challenging. Conventional histological and cytological approaches only afford static ex vivo phenotyping, while single-biomarker-responsive fluorescent probes lack the capacity to simultaneously detect M1 and M2.

Herein, we fabricate a modular dual-channel ratiometric nanosensor for simultaneous imaging and assessment of M1/M2 MΦ polarization states. Two spectrally orthogonal fluorophores responsive to nitric oxide (M1) and arginase-1 (M2) are conjugated onto ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (<3 nm) via orthogonal surface functionalization. This nanosensor maintains an “always-off” baseline through proximity-induced quenching and selectively recovers fluorescence upon biomarker activation, enabling cross-interference-free ratiometric detection.

Read the rest (2 more)

Capable of resolving spatial heterogeneity in MΦ polarization, the nanosensor reveals phenotypic switching in 2D cell cultures and 3D tumor spheroids, and imaging outputs show excellent consistency with flow cytometry (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.96). Moving further to murine tumor models, it captures the progressive reduction in intratumoral M1/M2 ratiometric signals across tumor progression and non-invasively visualizes an elevation from ∼1.2 to ∼3.3 following immunotherapy, confirming efficient M2-to-M1 reprogramming.

This work delivers a reliable optical tool for unraveling tumor immune microenvironment remodeling and provides a generalized strategy to design multi-analyte ratiometric nanosensors.

Links

Where it is published

Catalogue records · 1

Topics

Inferred from text
Imaging 75%
Provenance · 1 source records, 13 field assertions
SourceKeyLast seenRaw
ZivaHuboai:figshare.com:article/3402768413 d agoJSON v1
FieldAssertionExtractorEvidence
access_levelsource · zivahub uct ac zaconnector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0
concepts[disease].local:disease:cancermapping · zivahub uct ac zavocabulary-mapper@1.0.0keywords['Cancer']
concepts[field].anzsrc:group:3101mapping · zivahub uct ac zavocabulary-mapper@1.0.0keywords['Cell Biology']
concepts[field].local:field:astronomymapping · zivahub uct ac zaconnector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0
concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmentalmapping · zivahub uct ac zaconnector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0
concepts[field].local:field:humanitiesmapping · zivahub uct ac zaconnector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0
concepts[field].local:field:life-sciencesmapping · zivahub uct ac zaconnector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0
concepts[field].local:field:medicine-healthmapping · zivahub uct ac zaconnector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0
concepts[modality].local:modality:imagingenrichment · zivahub uct ac zakeyword-concept-rules@1.0.0title+description (75%)
descriptionsource · zivahub uct ac zaconnector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0/metadata/dc/description
licensesource · zivahub uct ac zaconnector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0/metadata/dc/rights
publication_datesource · zivahub uct ac zaconnector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0
titlesource · zivahub uct ac zaconnector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0/metadata/dc/title