Microwave-Enhanced Synthesis of Fluorine-Doped Amphiphilic Carbon Nanosheets for High-Performance Lithium Metal Anodes

However, high fluorine doping levels often lead to reduced surface polarity and electrolyte wettability, limiting their broad applicability. In this work, fluorinated carbon nanosheets with both high fluorine content (6.10 at.%) and amphiphilicity were successfully fabricated from ethylene tar pitch via a novel microwave-assisted ionic liquid intensification strategy within a remarkably short duration (20 min).

During microwave treatment, the ionic liquid served as a heating medium, enabling rapid temperature ramping (100 °C/min) through microwave absorption, thus ensuring efficient synthesis. The resulting amphiphilic carbon nanosheets significantly enhanced electrolyte wettability, while the covalent C–F bonds facilitated the formation of a LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase layer upon lithiation, promoting uniform lithium deposition and suppressing dendrite growth as well as dead Li formation.