A ROS-Responsive Pectin/PVA Hydrogel Loaded with Ganoderma atrum Polysaccharide Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing by Polarizing Macrophages toward the M2 Phenotype

To address this challenge, we developed a multifunctional hydrogel based on natural polymer. Specifically, an ROS-responsive hydrogel was fabricated via dynamic boronate ester bonds between phenylboronic acid-functionalized pectin (Pe-PBA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), then loaded with <i>Ganoderma atrum</i> polysaccharide (PSG), termed Pe/PVA@PSG.

The obtained hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical properties and self-healing ability, enabling efficient PSG release triggered in response to high-glucose and -ROS conditions. In vitro, it showed excellent biocompatibility, significantly facilitated fibroblast proliferation and migration, and suppressed ROS accumulation and macrophage inflammatory responses. In a diabetic wound model, Pe/PVA@PSG markedly accelerated wound closure, achieving 93.42% closure on day 14, which enhanced collagen deposition and skin appendage regeneration, elevated IL-10, upregulated PD-L1, and drove macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype.