XDA28070105-002Soil Maturity Stage Dataset of Black Soil in Baoshanling Farm, Beidahuang Agricultural Reclamation Group, Heilongjiang Province

Each treatment was replicated three times. Soil and crop samples were collected at the maize maturity stage from 2021 to 2024. Indicators including soil organic matter, bulk density, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the plow layer (0–20 cm) were determined, and maize root biomass, aboveground biomass, kernel number per ear, 1,000-kernel weight, and grain yield were investigated.

The results of four years of continuous monitoring showed that a one-time application of natural humus material, particularly under treatment A3, rapidly and significantly increased soil organic matter content in the plow layer, and this improvement remained stable over time. In 2024, the soil organic matter content under A3 was 3.64 g kg-1 higher than that of the adjacent long-term fertile farmland. Meanwhile, crop yield exhibited a sustained increasing trend, with soybean yield in 2024 increasing by 21.11%, equivalent to 576.3 kg ha-1.

These findings collectively demonstrate the dual benefits of natural humus materials in rapidly improving black soil fertility and sustainably enhancing crop productivity.