Effects of nitrogen reduction combined with liquid cattle manure on dry matter accumulation, nutrient absorption and translocation of maize in cold regions after anthesis

The study aims to promote crop-livestock nutrient balance, improve the resource utilization efficiency of livestock manure, and provide a reference for the rational use of organic nutrient resources and the optimization of fertilization strategies in the cold-region maize black soil area. This dataset is derived from a field positioning experiment conducted during 2019–2020 in Changchan Village, Shuangcheng District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province (126°38′E, 45°48′N, altitude approximately 178 m).

The test soil is meadow black soil, and the planted crop is maize (cultivar: Jincheng 316). The data cover the following contents: Dry matter accumulation: individual plant dry matter accumulation (g·plant⁻¹) at the jointing (V6), tasseling (VT), grain-filling (R3), and maturity (R6) stages, as well as dry matter accumulation per unit area (kg·hm⁻²) at each stage and the proportion of post-silking dry matter accumulation (%).

Nutrient accumulation: nitrogen accumulation (kg·hm⁻²), phosphorus accumulation (kg·hm⁻²), and potassium accumulation (kg·hm⁻²) in the aboveground parts of maize at the jointing, tasseling, grain-filling, and maturity stages, with standard errors (SE) provided for each treatment. Soil nutrient apparent balance: nutrient input, crop uptake, and budget surplus/deficit (kg·hm⁻²) for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P₂O₅), and potassium (K₂O) in each treatment for 2019 and 2020.

Yield and its components: kernels per row, rows per ear, 100-kernel weight (g), grain yield (kg·hm⁻², adjusted to 14% moisture content), and yield increase rate (%) for each treatment, along with significance test results for differences among treatments.