Prevalence and Long-Term Incidence of Ocular Manifestations in Sarcoidosis: A Large Nationwide Population-Based Study

Population-based evidence on the full ocular spectrum, long-term incidence, and organ-specific patterns remains limited.</p> <p>Nationwide 1:1 matched case-control study with a longitudinal retrospective cohort component, using the electronic health record (EHR) database of Clalit Health Services (CHS; Israel’s largest health organization), comprising 12 076 adults matched on age and sex.

We examined prevalence and post-diagnosis incidence of all five principal ocular manifestations (uveitis, optic neuritis, glaucoma, retinitis, scleritis) using multivariable logistic and Cox regression, adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and 8 comorbidities.</p> <p>All five ocular phenotypes were significantly more prevalent in sarcoidosis, most strikingly optic neuritis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 10.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.44–44.88, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and uveitis (aOR 7.15, 95% CI 5.54–9.22, <i>p</i> < 0.001); any ocular manifestation aOR 3.03 (<i>p</i> < 0.001).