Supersonic jet impingement over solid glass beads

<p dir="ltr"><b><u>Jet properties</u></b></p><p dir="ltr">Mach number: 5</p><p dir="ltr">Under-expansion ratio: 2.84</p><p dir="ltr">Nozzle pressure ratio: 1500</p><p dir="ltr">Ambient pressure: 800 Pa</p><p dir="ltr">Target mass flow: 8.6 g/s</p><p dir="ltr">Stagnation pressure: 12 bar</p><p dir="ltr">Exit diameter, De: 10 mm</p><p dir="ltr">Impingement height, h: 3De</p><p dir="ltr">Firing duration: 1 second</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr"><b><u>Granular media properties</u></b></p><p dir="ltr">Soda-lime solid glass beads</p><p dir="ltr">Particle diameter: 110 microns pm 22 microns</p><p dir="ltr">Bulk density: 2300 kg/m3</p><p dir="ltr">Moisture content: 0.16% pm 0.01 %</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr"><b><u>Imaging properties</u></b></p><p dir="ltr">Photron Mini AX100 with a Samyang 35 mm lens</p><p dir="ltr">1024x1024 px resolution</p><p dir="ltr">1.4 px/mm ratio</p><p dir="ltr">Acquiring frame rate 4000 pfs</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr"><b><u>Facility properties</u></b></p><p dir="ltr">Vacuum chamber at the University of Glasgow</p><p dir="ltr">Test section: 12 m3</p><p dir="ltr">Total volume: 72 m3</p><p dir="ltr">Test date: September 2025</p><p><br></p>