Physiological, biochemical, growth, and metabolomic data from sugarcane and energy cane under root-zone temperature variation and osmotic stress

In the first experiment, plants were exposed to gradual root-zone cooling (25, 20, 15, 20, and 25 °C) or heating (25, 30, 35, 30, and 25 °C), with each temperature maintained for two days. The data include leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water potential, abscisic acid concentration, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzyme activity, biomass, and root morphological traits.

In the second experiment, plants were subjected for six days to a reference treatment (−0.15 MPa and 25 °C), osmotic stress (−0.75 MPa and 25 °C), root-zone cooling (−0.15 MPa and 15 °C), or combined stress (−0.75 MPa and 15 °C), followed by a three-day recovery period. The data include leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water potential, biomass, and relative metabolite abundance in leaves and roots.