<p>Building fire risk levels in the FRI method.</p>

However, because these buildings face multiple fire safety risks, including difficulties in fire suppression, diverse occupancy types, rapid fire spread, and challenging evacuation, once a fire occurs, it is likely to cause serious casualties and significant property losses. It is therefore essential to carry out fire risk assessments for high-rise buildings in advance and to adopt targeted prevention and control measures.

To improve the systematic and scenario-specific assessment of fire risk in high-rise buildings, this study introduces the Integrated Disaster Risk Theory into high-rise building fire risk assessment and reconstructs the assessment indicator system according to the specific formation mechanism of high-rise building fires. Indicator weights were integrated using a game-theoretic approach and then combined with cloud model theory to construct a fire risk assessment model for high-rise buildings, thereby identifying the corresponding fire risk levels of high-rise buildings.