Taxonomic assessment of Javanese Kalophrynus Tschudi, 1838, with a description of a new species (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae)

Previous studies showed that the Javanese Kalophrynus comprises two species: K. minusculus and K. pleurostigma. However, the taxonomic relationship between these species remains unresolved. To clarify this, we conducted detailed comparisons through molecular, morphological characteristics, and bioacoustics analyses of Javanese Kalophrynus.

Molecular analyses revealed that Javanese K. pleurostigma and K. minusculus formed a clade. Morphologically and bioacoustically, Javanese K. pleurostigma is distinct from K. minusculus and other Kalophrynus species. Therefore, we describe the Javanese lineage of K. pleurostigma as a new species, Kalophrynus misbahulmuniri sp. nov.

Additionally, we provide a comprehensive redescription of the topotypic population of K. minusculus based on new material. This study contributes to a better understanding of Indonesian amphibians, especially Kalophrynus diversity in Java.