Facial Interlandmark distances on CT soft tissue models of 388 living persons

The CT database comprised both sexes and four ancestry groups, African female (n=50), African male (n=48), Asian female (n=48), Asian male (n=47), European female (n=49), European male (n=48), Hispanic female (n=49), and Hispanic male (n=49).

Each ReFace facial approximation was determined within the appropriate demographically related dataset, but from which data for each target was temporarily removed. The approximations were compared with the known CT-derived 3D models, testing the verisimilitude of ReFace approximations by modeling a facial recognition system. [13] T.L. Simmons-Ehrhardt, T. Flint, C.P. Saunders, K.L. Monson, Quantitative accuracy and 3D biometric matching of 388 statistically estimated facial approximations of live subjects, Forensic Img 21 (2020) 200377. doi:10.1016/j.fri.2020.200377.