Supplementary file 1_Panel regression analysis of the relationship between health resources and infant mortality rate in Chinese mainland provinces, 2010–2020.docx

In adjusted panel models, health technical personnel (β = −0.88, 95%CI −1.11, −0.66) and beds (β = −1.26, 95%CI −1.50, −1.02) per 1,000 population were inversely associated with IMR. Health expenditure per capita (β = −1.04, 95%CI −1.40, −0.69) and pediatric beds per 10,000 children (β = −0.39, 95%CI −0.46, −0.31) also showed significant inverse associations. Government health expenditure was not significant (p = 0.15).</p>Conclusion<p>This study reveals a significant association between increased health workforce and facility capacity and lower infant mortality rates, highlighting the critical role of adequate pediatric-specific resource allocation.

Our findings suggest that China should continue to ensure an adequate supply of health resources and potentially direct government health expenditure patterns specifically toward strengthening primary pediatric care and maternal and child health institutions.</p>