The determinants of green innovation Initiatives in lower-middle-income economies: A combination of SEM and NCA approaches

The outcomes of this work found that green HRM positively affects GWE and GI. Additionally, GWE was significantly related to GI. Accordingly, GWE mediates the effect of GHRM on GI.

In accordance with the hypotheses of the AMO and SET, existing literature confirmed the moderating impact of GTFL on the indirect implication of GWE in the correlation between GHRM and GI. Using NCA, the empirical evidence also confirms that increasing the GHRM, GWE, and GTFL will improve GI. This work is unique and the first attempt to theorise and extend the adaptation of AMO as well as social exchange theories within the model of GHRM and GI.

Therefore, with employee collaboration, organisational leaders must devise and execute new strategies to eradicate pollution, recycle trash, and advocate for environmental conservation.