Data Sheet 1_Modeling cascading drought effects in a national food supply network using minimum cost flow.pdf

We developed a spatially explicit network optimization model employing a minimum cost flow algorithm to simulate food distribution within a synthetic national-scale Swedish food supply network (a model network constructed from open geospatial data) of more than 830,000 nodes.

To test the system's response to extreme hydro-climatic stress, we applied a severe drought scenario analogous to the conditions experienced in 2018. The model revealed a significant spatial disconnect: while agricultural yield losses were concentrated in southern farming regions, unmet consumer demand emerged predominantly in northern municipalities. Furthermore, network analysis showed that flow reconfiguration under drought stress created new critical bottlenecks, effectively shifting the system's overall vulnerabilities.