Supplemental Material for: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Ischemic Stroke Treatment Based on Chinese Multiethnic Medicine Theories

China dominated the global collaboration network, led by institutions such as the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Research focus has gradually shifted from investigations of pathophysiological mechanisms to clinical applications of integrated Chinese and Western medicine, with increasing attention being paid concurrently to fundamental mechanistic research and clinical translation. Traditional Chinese medicine’s “Qi deficiency, blood stasis, and phlegm-dampness obstructing the orifices” theory, Mongolian medicine’s “Sa disease” theory, and Tibetan medicine’s “pathogenic factors related to stars and planets” theory represent distinct theoretical frameworks and intervention approaches developed within these traditional systems to explain ischemic stroke.</p><p dir="ltr">Conclusion: Chinese multiethnic medicine shows promise and a developing evidence base for ischemic stroke prevention and treatment; however, challenges include research imbalances, insufficient standardization, and cross-ethnic integration difficulties.

Future research should focus on generating high-quality clinical evidence, promoting standardization and normalization, deepening interdisciplinary mechanistic studies, and advancing integration and translational application of multiethnic medicine. Through multidisciplinary collaboration and supportive policy frameworks, a stroke prevention and treatment system with Chinese characteristics should be established, contributing Chinese expertise to global stroke management.</p>