Table 1_Contemporary AI attitude scale research: a systematic mapping review and bibliometric analysis.xlsx

Co-citation analysis linked the broader technology-acceptance tradition with AI-specific approaches to attitude measurement, while bibliographic coupling revealed four interconnected contemporary research fronts involving scale refinement and contextual extension, education and generative AI, population- and domain-specific measurement, and cross-cultural validation around established scale families. Despite these overlapping knowledge bases, substantial conceptual heterogeneity was evident across instruments, including unidimensional, positive-negative, cognitive-affective-behavioral, functional, ethical, and domain-specific multidimensional conceptualizations.</p>Discussion<p>Overall, the findings indicate that bibliographic and methodological commonality has not produced conceptual uniformity in AI attitude measurement.

Future research should therefore prioritize explicit construct definition, conceptual fit between instruments and research purposes, measurement invariance, cross-cultural validation, and cumulative evaluation of established measures rather than assuming equivalence across scales carrying the same construct label.</p>