Impact of geographical origin on anti-pulmonary fibrotic efficiency of Physalis Calyx seu Fructus and identification of its active partitions and constituents

The predicted targets of each of the 15 compounds were intersected with the pulmonary fibrosis-related targets to identify potential therapeutic targets. Subsequently, these potential therapeutic targets were imported into the STRING database for protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis, with the minimum required interaction score set to 0.9. The resulting PPI network was visualized using Cytoscape software.

In addition, a traditional Chinese medicine–compound–target–disease network was constructed and visualized using Cytoscape. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the DAVID database.