Database of Black Soil Health

It comprises 322 high‑quality soil sampling sites spanning the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with a total of 3,502 records of soil property information. The data cover the period from 2010 to 2024 and include a variety of soil types, such as typical black soil, brown soil, and meadow soil, as well as multiple land use types, including cropland, forestland, and grassland.

A total of 27 core physicochemical attributes are included in the dataset, specifically: soil pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali‑hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, carbon‑to‑nitrogen ratio, bulk density, and available micronutrients, among others. In addition, the dataset contains environmental background information for each sampling site (land use type and crop rotation pattern) and spatial information (precise geographic coordinates and stratified sampling depths), as well as an integrated fertility index (IFI) calculated by principal component analysis, with values ranging from 0 to 1.