Supplementary file 2_An integrated climate-structured personal and ambient air pollution monitoring framework embedded within a pregnancy and postpartum cohort in Sub-Saharan Africa.docx

Quality assurance incorporated a ≥75% ambient air pollution data completeness threshold, encrypted transfer, geolocation validation, and cross-site reproducibility checks. Meteorological data (NASA POWER/MERRA-2) were integrated to contextualise climatic drivers.</p>Results<p>The protocol generated 3,190 person-days of personal exposure data together with 328 unique days of continuous ambient data. Ambient datasets achieved high completeness in The Gambia and Kenya (>85% data capture); Mozambique ambient capture was lower due to site-level connectivity constraints.

Ambient monitoring periods were included only when ≥75% of expected observations were available; periods not meeting this threshold were excluded from primary analyses. Inter-sensor agreement was robust (R² > 0.72 pre-deployment; >0.75 in-country). Ambient monitoring characterised seasonal background variability and enabled evaluation of ambient–personal concordance under contrasting climatic regimes.

Integration of personal and ambient datasets supported microenvironmental partitioning and climate-contextual interpretation of exposure patterns.</p>Conclusion<p>This integrated monitoring framework extends the operational and methodological capacity for high-resolution exposure assessment through the generation of high-resolution, climate-structured exposure data within pregnancy cohorts in under-monitored African settings, advancing equitable exposure science and strengthening climate-informed maternal and newborn health research.</p>Significance statement<p>This study establishes an adaptable, climate-structured exposure measurement architecture that reduces exposure misclassification and enables more precise exposure–response inference in maternal health research conducted in under-monitored environments</p>