Study 2: Advancing Costing Methodology in Health Professions Education: A State-of-the-Art Review and Research Agenda

These findings inform a forward-looking research agenda outlining priority actions needed to harmonize cost methodology and strengthen the production of rigorous, comparable, and decision-relevant cost evidence in HPE. ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4976-5202 DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA FILES Although this study is primarily conceptual and relies on published sources rather than generated data, the following tables from the manuscript can be included to enhance transparency and accessibility while the article remains unpublished: Table 1.

Nine Key Phases of Cost Research: Framework outlining the nine phases used to categorize methodological challenges in HPE cost research, with accompanying examples. Table 2. Summary of Current Methodological Challenges in HPE Cost Research: Overview of the explicit and implicit challenges methodological challenges mapped across the nine phases of HPE cost research.

Table 3.Methodological Gaps, Relevance, and Future Research Priorities: For each of the nine phases of cost research, the table links identified methodological gaps to their practical implications and presents targeted priorities to strengthen future cost methodology in HPE.