Dataset of Topsoil Water Content and Temperature in Long-term Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Experiments on the Loess Plateau (2013–2015, 2019–2021)

This dataset systematically collects continuous monitoring data of farmland topsoil moisture and temperature under different experimental treatments during two independent periods: 2013–2015 and 2019–2021. All field work and data processing procedures, including field investigation, original data recording, data entry and sorting, cross verification, archiving and quality auditing, were implemented by professional researchers in accordance with unified standardized specifications.

Two datasets covering 0–20 cm soil volumetric water content, surface soil temperature and subsurface soil temperature were finally established, with a total of 573 valid monitoring records. Notably, no valid observational data are available from 2016 to 2018 due to data missing. The dataset can provide fundamental data support for efficient utilization of farmland water resources and sustainable development of ecological agriculture on the Loess Plateau, and also offer a reliable data reference for scientific nitrogen fertilization and the establishment of stable and high-yield cultivation and management patterns in regional farmland.