<p>Kinematics vary with flight speed.</p>

The birds increased the tilt of the tail relative to the horizontal plane (tail tilt angle, [degrees]) (<b>b</b>) and tail area (tail spread angle, [degrees]) (<b>c</b>) at lower compared to higher speeds. Angular amplitude [degrees] increases with speed (<b>d</b>), while wingbeat frequency [Hz] decreases (<b>e</b>).

Downstroke ratio is constant across flight speed (<b>f</b>). Mean wing elevation decreases [degrees] with increasing flight speed (<b>g</b>). For the statistics associated with the fitted lines, we refer to <a href="plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3004023#pbio.3004023.s016" target="_blank">S7</a>–<a href="plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3004023#pbio.3004023.s028" target="_blank">S19 Tables</a>.