Supplementary file 1_Music listening patterns and their associations with mood regulation, emotional processing, and cognitive performance: an intensive longitudinal questionnaire study.docx

Implications for student wellbeing and academic success are summarized where listening patterns are used to understand mood regulation and academic cognitive performance in real-world settings.</p>Method<p>The design of this study was intensive longitudinal (IL) using experience sampling methodology (ESM) with event-contingent sampling over the 14-day period.

Hundred and twenty-eight university students filled out questionnaires that measured musical sophistication, alexithymia, personality and trait mood regulation at baseline, and then answered short questions on 5,448 music listening episodes. Within-person and between-person associations in relation to academic versus non-academic contexts were examined using multilevel modeling.</p>Results<p>Using music for mood regulation was the strongest predictor of mood improvement (β = 0.87, p < 0.001), followed by active enjoyment (β = 0.54, p < 0.001), while focus purposes predicted perceived academic cognitive performance (β = 0.56, p < 0.001).