The dehydration of water worlds via atmospheric losses

We apply this model to a water world with Earth-like parameters orbiting a Sun-like star for three cases: (i) current normal solar wind conditions, (ii) ancient normal solar wind conditions, and (iii) one extreme "Carrington-type" space weather event.

We demonstrate that the ion escape rate for (ii), with a value of 6.0 x 10(26) s(-1), is about an order of magnitude higher than the corresponding value of 6.7 x 10(25) s(-1) for (i). Studies of ion losses induced by space weather events, where the ion escape rates can reach similar to 1028 s(-1), are crucial for understanding how an active, early solar-type star (e.g., with frequent coronal mass ejections) could have accelerated the depletion of the exoplanet's atmosphere.