Development and evaluation of microneedles for ocular drug delivery

The study explores a novel, minimally invasive approach using a single hollow microneedle for targeted and sustained ocular delivery. Scleral biomechanics were characterised using uniaxial testing and advanced imaging to guide microneedle optimisation.

Safe insertion forces and accurate penetration depths were achieved using ex vivo porcine sclera, supported by a whole-eye model that monitored intraocular pressure in real time. A 3D cohesive zone finite element model simulated insertion mechanics. To enhance drug retention, formulation strategies were explored, showing that higher viscosity and particle size improved scleral retention.