Supplementary file 2_Methods used to design audit and feedback interventions to change clinical practice: a scoping review.docx

Reviewing current design practices in published literature and understanding established methodological guidelines is essential to identify gaps in knowledge, areas for improvement and promote best practices among interested groups.</p>Objectives<p>This scoping review aims to synthesise the evidence on systematic design processes and methodologies for designing healthcare interventions published in articles and grey literature in the last fifteen years.</p>Methods<p>Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases for peer-reviewed studies (April 2015–October 2025) describing in detail the selected framework and design process used.

We also searched selected websites for published grey literature (from 2011 to October 2025) detailing specific intervention frameworks and design processes. Documents were excluded if healthcare professionals were not among the target recipients, intervention stages were poorly described, or the focus was exclusively on lifestyle habit changes. A narrative synthesis of findings was conducted.</p>Results<p>We analysed 59 source documents (49 scientific studies; 10 grey literature documents).