Supplement-Heterogeneity in Postpartum “Confinement” Practices and Their Association with Depression

Compliance with 29 practice items across four domains—behavior, diet, warmth, and hygiene—was classified into three categories: “full compliance,” “partial compliance,” and “non-compliance”; (3) Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) results of confinement practice heterogeneity (Table 4), based on compliance scores across the four domains, including model fit indices (AIC, BIC, aBIC, BLRT, Entropy) and the sample size of each latent class.

Postpartum depression was assessed using the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), with total scores ranging from 0 to 30. A cutoff score of >9.5 was applied to identify women at risk of postpartum depression, consistent with prior validation studies. Variable definitions, grouping criteria, and analytical approaches are consistent with those reported in the associated publication.

During data processing, missing values were examined. One participant with complete missing data on confinement practice items was excluded from the relevant analyses, while the remaining variables exhibited minimal missingness. All data were anonymized prior to submission and contain no personally identifiable information.