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Data · dataset · 2026

When Judgements Gain Control

Listed in ZivaHub and Deakin Research Online and DMU Figshare — shown once because both records carry DOI 10.6084/m9.figshare.34045929.v1

<p dir="ltr">Language models can learn the right intermediate judgement and the right final action<br>without using the former to produce the latter.

Description

This raises a training question more specific<br>than whether a cognition is represented: when, and under what objective pressure, does<br>represented information acquire causal control over downstream policy? We study the<br>acquisition of judgement-like control routes in scientific result triage.

At the endpoint of<br>ordinary joint supervision, raw task context directly drives a nonlinear action policy, while<br>hidden states that strongly control the model’s own consequence report are nearly inert for<br>action at the tested sites. We then train matched replicas from the same base model under<br>ordinary judgement-plus-action supervision (T1) and a dependency-oriented objective that<br>additionally rewards judgement-sensitive action (T3), saving dense checkpoints throughout<br>training.

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With raw scene text fixed, changing only supplied consequence judgement becomes<br>action-effective substantially earlier under T3 and reaches a much larger final gain: the correct<br>high-minus-low intervention is positive by step 48 under T3 and reaches +3.48 pp, versus<br>a late, weak +0.54 pp effect under T1. The learned route is not a clean ( field, item, value )<br>variable. At T3 step 240, a wrong-item value retains +2.63 pp of active-action effect, while a<br>wrong-field value yields −0.71 pp and redirects probability toward measurement and evidence-<br>collection actions.

We therefore propose a control-routing view of training: optimization<br>does not merely learn what to output; it determines which information is routed to which<br>downstream reader, how much gain that route receives, and how precisely the route is typed.<br>Functional field routing can emerge before exact item binding, while endogenous report states<br>may remain outside the action path. These results separate representation learning, routing<br>learning, and binding learning as distinct stages of policy formation.</p>

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Artificial intelligence 69% · Text 75%
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DMU Figshareoai:figshare.com:article/3404592912 d agoJSON v1
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