Data, analyses and material associated with the manuscript “Believability and Conditional Inference in Mathematics Undergraduates: A Replication and Extension”

We extend the work by relating conditional inference responses to prior performance in mathematics and to students’ cultural backgrounds. Finally, we offer a fuller theoretical account for why believability affects conditional inference in mathematics.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr">Codebook:</p><p dir="ltr">(i) Data are in 2024_Replication.csv</p><p dir="ltr">Variables:</p><p dir="ltr">Version - Participant number</p><p dir="ltr">Language - Participant's reported first language</p><p dir="ltr">Lang code - 1 = English, 2 = Chinese, 0 = other</p><p dir="ltr">Maths - A level mathematics grade</p><p dir="ltr">M points - A level mathematics points</p><p dir="ltr">F Maths - A level further mathematics grade</p><p dir="ltr">FM points - A level further mathematics points</p><p dir="ltr">Points - Total A level mathematics points (mathematics + further mathematics)</p><p dir="ltr">Q1-Q4 - MP, DA, AC and MT items for the (math believable) conditional “If n is a multiple of 6, then n is a multiple of 3.” 1 = accept, 0 = reject</p><p dir="ltr">Q5-Q8 - MP, DA, AC and MT items for the (math believable) conditional “If x is less than 2, then s is less than 5.” 1 = accept, 0 = reject</p><p dir="ltr">Q9-Q12 - MP, DA, AC and MT items for the (math unbelievable) conditional “If quadrilateral Q has a reflex angle, then it will tesselate.” 1 = accept, 0 = reject</p><p dir="ltr">Q13-Q16 - MP, DA, AC and MT items for the (math unbelievable) conditional “If sin x is greater than 0, then cos x is less than 1.” 1 = accept, 0 = reject</p><p dir="ltr">Q17-Q20 - MP, DA, AC and MT items for the (causal believable) conditional “If car ownership increases, then traffic congestion will get worse.” 1 = accept, 0 = reject</p><p dir="ltr">Q21-Q24 - MP, DA, AC and MT items for the (causal believable) conditional “If nurses' salaries are improved, then recruitment of nurses will increase.” 1 = accept, 0 = reject</p><p dir="ltr">Q25-Q28 - MP, DA, AC and MT items for the (causal unbelievable) conditional “If divorce is made more difficult, then the number of marriages will decrease.” 1 = accept, 0 = reject</p><p dir="ltr">Q29-Q32 - MP, DA, AC and MT items for the (causal unbelievable) conditional “If foreign investment is encouraged, then the UK car industry will revive.” 1 = accept, 0 = reject</p><p dir="ltr">Q33-Q36 - MP, DA, AC and MT items for the (causal unbelievable) conditional “If the letter is C, then the number is 7.” 1 = accept, 0 = reject</p><p dir="ltr">Q37-Q40 - MP, DA, AC and MT items for the (causal unbelievable) conditional “If the letter is N, then the number is 2.” 1 = accept, 0 = reject</p><p dir="ltr">Inc All - Whether completed all conditional inference items. 1 = yes, 0 = no</p><p dir="ltr">Inc 90 - Whether completed 90% of conditional inference items. 1 = yes, 0 = no</p><p dir="ltr">MPMB - Acceptances out of 2 for MP items for mathematical believable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">DAMB - Acceptances out of 2 for DA items for mathematical believable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">ACMB - Acceptances out of 2 for AC items for mathematical believable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">MTMB - Acceptances out of 2 for MT items for mathematical believable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">MPMU - Acceptances out of 2 for MP items for mathematical unbelievable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">DAMU - Acceptances out of 2 for DA items for mathematical unbelievable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">ACMU - Acceptances out of 2 for AC items for mathematical unbelievable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">MTMU - Acceptances out of 2 for MT items for mathematical unbelievable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">MPCB - Acceptances out of 2 for MP items for causal believable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">DACB - Acceptances out of 2 for DA items for causal believable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">ACCB - Acceptances out of 2 for AC items for causal believable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">MTCB - Acceptances out of 2 for MT items for causal believable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">MPCU - Acceptances out of 2 for MP items for causal unbelievable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">DACU - Acceptances out of 2 for DA items for causal unbelievable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">ACCU - Acceptances out of 2 for AC items for causal unbelievable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">MTCU - Acceptances out of 2 for MT items for causal unbelievable conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">MPA - Acceptances out of 2 for MP items for abstract conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">DAA - Acceptances out of 2 for DA items for abstract conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">ACA - Acceptances out of 2 for AC items for abstract conditionals</p><p dir="ltr">MTA - Acceptances out of 2 for MT items for abstract conditionals</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr">(ii) Tasks are in</p><p dir="ltr">2024_Replication_intstructions.tex, 2024_Replication_intstructions.pdf, 2024_Replication_abstract.tex, 2024_Replication_abstract.pdf, 2024_Replication_causal.tex, 2024_Replication_causal.pdf, 2024_Replication_math.tex, 2024_Replication_math.pdf,</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr">(iii) Main analyses are in 2024_Replication.omv and 2024_Replication.html</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr">(iv) Additional cluster analyses are in 2024_Replication_4clusters.html and 2024_Replication_5clusters.html</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr">(v) Preregistration is in 2024_Replication_prereg.pdf</p><table><tr><td><p dir="ltr">© the authors</p></td></tr></table><p dir="ltr"><br></p><p dir="ltr"><br></p>