Transcriptome Analysis of Multiple Shoot Induction in Balsa

By means of stereomicroscopy, cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), and semi-thin sectioning, we systematically traced the complete cytological process from shoot primordium initiation and meristem establishment to leaf development.

Transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed at four key developmental stages of multiple shoot formation, allowing a systematic comparison of gene expression dynamics during shoot primordium initiation, meristem maintenance, and leaf maturation. Among these, cell cycle activation, synergistic transduction of multiple phytohormone signals, and cascaded expression of shoot organogenesis-related genes played critical roles in shoot regeneration and developmental process in O. pyramidale.