<p>The characteristics of the included studies.</p>

The analysis showed that salbutamol significantly decreased the duration of respiratory support (MD: −14.85 hours; 95% CI [−25.05, −4.65]; p = 0.004), duration of continuous positive airway pressure (MD: −18.19 hours; 95% CI [−30.03, −6.35]; p = 0.003), duration of oxygen requirement (MD: −24.57 hours; 95% CI [−35.03, −14.10]; p < 0.001), and length of hospitalization (MD: −1.17 days; 95% CI [−1.69, −0.65]; p < 0.001).

However, there was no significant decrease in duration of tachypnea (MD: −9.93 hours; 95% CI [−25.42, 5.56]; p = 0.21) or duration of neonatal intensive care unit stay (MD: −0.84 days; 95% CI [−2.62, 0.94]; p = 0.36). Subgroup analysis for respiratory support duration showed no significant effect in infants with clinical score of TTN < 5 (MD: −10.88 hours; 95% CI [−24.48, 2.73]; p = 0.12), while the certainty of evidence for all outcomes was low to very low.

Nebulized salbutamol may improve clinical outcomes relevant to the evolution of the disease in TTN infants, with potential benefits in certain subgroups such as those with greater disease severity, though the available evidence is of low to very low certainty. Therefore, our confidence in its efficacy in treating TTN remains limited.</p></div>