Multi-omics profiling reveals distinct molecular signatures across female infertility subtypes: a cross-sectional metabolomics, lipidomics, and exposomics study

Serum samples from 247 women were analyzed across three omics layers: untargeted metabolomics (1,757 features), untargeted lipidomics (6,554 lipids), and untargeted exposomics (401 environmental chemicals). Infertility patients (n=131) were stratified by etiology into four subgroups: PMOS (polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, n=49), OAII (ovulatory adversity with insulin resistance, n=26), OEAI (ovarian endometrial axis irregularity, n=8), and UEI (unexplained etiological infertility, n=48).

Control groups included normo-ovulatory women (NP, n=57) and healthy pregnant women (Preg, n=59). All analyses were performed using untargeted LC-MS/MS in both positive and negative ionization modes.