The data of the article “In situ Microscale Determination of Chromium Valence in Chang’e-5 lunar samples and Constraints on the Lunar Mantle Redox State”

The three tables are systematically interconnected, providing a complete data chain from raw analytical data to final petrological interpretations.Table 1 presents the major element compositions of pyroxene grains in Chang’e-5 lunar basalt fragments, determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA).

The dataset reports oxide concentrations (e.g., SiO₂, TiO₂, Al₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, FeO, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na₂O, K₂O) for each analytical spot, serving as the fundamental raw data for all subsequent calculations.Table 2 provides the cation numbers for pyroxenes calculated on the basis of 6 oxygen atoms from the EPMA data in Table 1. This table reports the cation abundances (Si, Ti, Al, Cr, Fe³⁺, Fe²⁺, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na) for each analytical spot, representing a critical intermediate dataset for understanding pyroxene crystal chemistry and performing subsequent thermodynamic calculations.Table 3 compiles the Cr valence states (Cr³⁺/ΣCr) and corresponding oxygen fugacity (fO₂) estimates for individual pyroxene grains, along with the associated analytical uncertainties.