Dataset Description of "Simplest Microbiome" for Healthy Black Soil

This dataset originates from a five‑year field fertilization experiment, aiming to investigate the community structure and diversity of bacteria, fungi and eukaryotes (including protists and invertebrates) in maize rhizosphere and bulk soils under different fertilization treatments, as well as their relationships with crop yield. The dataset covers eight fertilization treatments (including control, chemical fertilizer, organic manure, straw, biochar and their combinations), with four replicates for each treatment.

It contains data generated from high‑throughput sequencing. **Data type**: High‑throughput amplicon sequencing data (16S rRNA, ITS, 18S rRNA) **Data format**: fasta files **Coverage**: Maize rhizosphere and bulk soils from typical black‑soil regions of Northeast China; eight different fertilization treatments. Sampling was performed at the maize ripening stage in 2021.