Table 1_Association between blood culture positivity and in-hospital mortality in pediatric oncology patients with sepsis in the PICU: a retrospective cohort analysis.docx

Blood cultures were positive in 48 episodes (20.5%), and in-hospital death occurred in 45 episodes (19.2%). The blood culture–positive group had higher procalcitonin (PCT) levels (p = 0.015), whereas no statistically significant differences were observed in Phoenix Sepsis Score, organ function indicators, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) requirements, PICU length of stay, or in-hospital mortality.

In GEE models accounting for within-patient clustering, blood culture positivity was not independently associated with in-hospital mortality (OR = 1.412, 95% CI 0.536–3.719, p = 0.485). In contrast, higher lactate and vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) were independently associated with increased mortality, whereas higher PaO₂/FiO₂ and platelet counts were associated with lower mortality.</p>Conclusion<p>In this single-center retrospective cohort of sepsis episodes among pediatric oncology patients, blood culture positivity was not independently associated with in-hospital mortality after adjustment for age, organ dysfunction markers, and prior antimicrobial exposure.

In contrast, several markers of organ dysfunction remained independently associated with mortality. However, given the limited number of deaths and the potential for culture-status misclassification related to prior antimicrobial exposure, a clinically meaningful association between blood culture positivity and mortality cannot be excluded.</p>