<b>Effects of Calf Diarrhea on Short- and Long-Term Performance in Dairy Cattle: A meta-analysis</b>

To quantitatively assess its short- and long-term effects, this study systematically searched Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, and ultimately included 46 studies. A three-level random-effects model was used for meta-analysis.

The results showed that diarrhea significantly increased the risk of calf mortality (OR = 4.58), reduced pre-weaning average daily gain (WMD = -0.08 kg/d) and body weight (WMD = -3.29 kg), and led to disturbances in metabolism, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier function. In the long term, primiparous dairy cows with a history of calf diarrhea experienced delays of 8.93 days in age at first conception and 8.03 days in age at first calving, and their 305-d milk yield in the first lactation tended to decrease (WMD = -285.15 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.08).