<p>KII and FGD informant characteristics.</p>

Researchers used descriptive statistics and logistic regression and triangulated the findings with deductive qualitative analysis informed by an implementation science framework. Results indicated that CCRIW guidance was perceived as relevant but was adapted during implementation rather than adopted as a complete stand-alone protocol. These adaptations appeared to improve short-term practicality while reducing consistent application, depth of learning, and recall of CCRIW as a distinct approach.

Communities primarily adopted lower-cost actions aligned with immediate needs, available resources, and perceived feasibility. Household modifications supported more resilient and inclusive access but could not replace system-level investments under severe hazards. Regression models showed district-level associations for several facility-specific outcomes, limited associations with multiple-hazard exposure, and no consistent associations with reported household characteristics.

The findings suggest that CCRIW could connect lived hazard experience with inclusive WASH assessment and local planning but should be embedded within sequenced programming that provides a WASH inclusion foundation and coordinated institutional support to address risks beyond household and village capacity.</p></div>