Developing a GIS-based decision-making framework for the repurposing of decommissioned wind turbine blades

The magnitude of the problem is first assessed at a global scale using blade prediction models implemented in previous research. These models determine material quantities based on the blade mass as a function of the turbine rated power. The evaluation and quantification of the global blade material reveals the uncertainties of blade prediction models in time and space, and highlights the need for a high-resolution, country-level decommissioning plan.

A novel Geographical Information System (GIS) based framework is introduced to support decision-making for the sustainable management of blade decommissioning. An up-to-date, comprehensive spatial wind farm database and online GIS dashboard are developed specific to blade models and wind farms on the island of Ireland. The spatiotemporal variability of blade material resources and flows are assessed, indicating areas to prioritise for the development of repurposing strategies.

The results indicate that approximately 53,400 tonnes of blade material will need to be managed by the end of 2039 on the island of Ireland with the highest densities of material located towards the west and the southwest of the island. The onset of this material is expected to formally begin to accumulate around 2023 with a peak in 2037 indicating the need for urgent management plans. A 3D network analysis model, integrating fuel consumption calculations, is implemented and evaluated to explore the environmental impact of blade transportation.

To do this, a 2D network model is converted to 3D by interpolating elevation values from a terrain model. Scenarios are compared for optimising routes based on distance, fuel consumption (eco) or prioritisation of main roads (hierarchy). <br><br>The results indicate that the eco-route minimises fuel consumption however, it is often associated with longer transportation distances. The reverse logistic network design is optimised for improved environmental performance by identifying end-of-life facilities with reference to the spatially distributed blade material.

The repurposing of decommissioned wind turbine blades is then investigated at a local scale using a case study scenario based in County Cork. The spatial framework is used to assess the potential demand for repurposed blade material for the provision of infrastructure along a planned greenway route. The wind farm database is queried to locate the optimum blade resource material that coincides with the demand for it.

Transportation logistics between the wind farm, remanufacturing site and repurposing locations are determined using a modified 3D network model optimised for reduced environmental impact. Overall, the contribution of the spatial framework supports evidence-based decision-making and enhances the supply chain network for the development and designing of a sustainable repurposing strategy for end-of-life blades.<br><br><br>