A dataset of Myotis pilosus distributed in China

This dataset comprises genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for the threatened piscivorous bat Myotis pilosus, generated to support population genomic and climate vulnerability assessments.Specimens were collected between 2005 and 2021 across 15 populations covering the species’ primary distribution range in China. Wing membrane tissue biopsies (3 mm diameter) were obtained from 83 individuals using sterile punches. Genomic DNA was extracted using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen), and quality-verified via agarose gel electrophoresis, NanoDrop spectrophotometry and Qubit fluorometry.

After excluding two low-quality samples, 81 individuals proceeded to GBS library preparation. A double-digest strategy with MspI and EcoRI was optimized to capture over 200 000 restriction-associated tags. Libraries were size-selected for 300–400 bp fragments and sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform to generate 150-bp paired-end reads.