On detection of super equatorial plasma bubbles in the American sector during the 10–11 October 2024 geomagnetic storm

This fortunate localization gives a rare chance to trace super‐EPB evolution near‐entirely, from equatorial to middle latitudes in both hemispheres, due to extensive ground‐based GNSS coverage. This allows us to unveil the complexity of super‐EPB evolution with storm's progress: (a) Initial formation of post‐sunset super‐EPBs as field‐oriented, inverted C‐shape structures near 65°–75°W, (b) westward drift of outmost parts of these structures across midlatitudes from their original location, (c) formation of fresh post‐midnight EPBs over the same locations as post‐sunset EPBs, persisting until early morning.

Ionosondes in North America midlatitudes (∼42°MLAT) registered rare observations of Spread‐F associated with storm‐induced EPBs. Strong amplitude scintillations were observed from sunset to sunrise. Super‐EPBs bringing ionospheric irregularities and scintillations to unexpectedly high latitudes represent a perplexing phenomenon connecting physical processes across equatorial, middle and high latitudes during geomagnetic disturbances.