Theoretical prediction of nitrogen-oxygen-anchored monatomic copper-doped graphene as an anode for alkaline ion batteries

Convergence criteria for total energy and ionic forces were 10-5 eV and 10-3 eV/Å, respectively. Phonon dispersion curves were calculated using the phonopy software package, and migration barriers were determined using the Climbing Image Nudged Elastic Band (CI-NEB) method. While inherent limitations of DFT calculations preclude precise error quantification, the employed methodologies are widely accepted in the field and provide valuable qualitative and semi-quantitative insights.The dataset comprises the following files: Figure 1(a)(b).txt contains the optimized crystal structure data for Cu/NO2G; Figure 1(c)-Phonon dispersion curves.csv contains the phonon dispersion data; Figure 1(d)-AIMD.csv contains the Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulation data; Figure 2(a).pdf illustrates the adsorption sites on Cu/NO2G and the most stable adsorption configurations of metal atoms on A and B surfaces; Figures 2(b).vasp, 2(c).vasp, and 2(d).vasp represent the most stable adsorption configurations of Li, Na, and K on the A surface, respectively; Figures 2(e).vasp, 2(f).vasp, and 2(g).vasp represent the most stable adsorption configurations of Li, Na, and K on the B surface, respectively; Figures 3(a)-CHGDIFF-Li.vasp, 3(b)-CHGDIFF-Na.vasp, and 3(c)-CHGDIFF-K.vasp represent the charge difference density data for Li, Na, and K adsorbed on the B surface of Cu/NO2G (viewable with VESTA); Figure 4(a).csv contains the density of states (DOS) data for Cu/NO2G; Figure 4(b).csv contains the projected density of states (PDOS) data for C and Cu in Cu/NO2G; Figure 4(c).csv contains the PDOS data for N and O in Cu/NO2G; Figures 4(d).csv, 4(e).csv, and 4(f).csv contain the DOS data for Cu/NO2G with adsorbed Li, Na, and K, respectively; Figure 5.csv contains the average open-circuit voltage (Vocv) data for Cu/NO2G with varying concentrations of Li, Na, and K; Figure 6.csv contains the theoretical capacity data for Cu/NO2G compared to other 2D materials; Figure 7(a)(b)-migration path.pdf illustrates the migration pathways of Li, Na, and K on the A and B surfaces of Cu/NO2G; Figure 7(c).csv contains the diffusion barrier data for Li, Na, and K on the A surface of Cu/NO2G; and Figure 7(d).csv contains the diffusion barrier data for Li, Na, and K on the B surface of Cu/NO2G.This dataset offers profound implications for physics research, particularly in condensed matter physics and materials science, by providing atomic-level insights into electrochemical processes within alkali-ion batteries. It furnishes a theoretical foundation for the design and optimization of novel electrode materials, especially 2D materials like Cu/NO2G, by offering key parameters such as adsorption energies, diffusion barriers, open-circuit voltages, and theoretical capacities.

Moreover, it serves as a valuable benchmark for validating and refining computational methods like DFT, ultimately advancing the development of next-generation energy storage devices and deepening our understanding of material properties at the atomic scale.