Enhanced Photoelectrochemical water splitting of BiVO4 Photoanodes Co-Modified with Borate and copper -iron Prussian blue analogue

LSV and IT: LSV photocurrent testing records current-voltage curves under light irradiation to assess the photoresponse and catalytic activity of semiconductor electrodes，LSV and IT were conducted using a CHI 650e potentiostat (Shanghai Chenhua).XRD:The crystal structure and phase composition of the prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, D8 Advance) using Cu Kα radiation.TEM:TEM uses transmitted electron imaging to directly display the internal structure, crystallinity, and elemental composition of materials by (JEM-2100/Tecnai F30)FT-IR:FT-IR detects molecular bonds and functional groups via their specific infrared absorption signatures by (FTIR, Nicolet 6700).PL:PL measures the luminescence emitted after light absorption to characterize the optical properties and recombination behavior of materials by a fluorescence spectrometer (PELS-55)