Peacebuilding in Afghanistan

The disputes are of three main kinds: first, over land and water, two of the most important and scarce resources; second, ethnic, and often closely linked to land and water but also to the struggle between political parties; and finally, family-based, frequently revolving around women.

Reconciliation initiatives therefore need active promotion at three inter-dependent levels: sustained international engagement, security sector reform at the level of the Afghan central government, and local level measures.